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| 1024 |
| | | Conrad II is elected as the German king, begining the dynasty variously known as Franconian or Salian | |
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| 1138 |
| | | Conrad III, of the Hohenstaufen family, is elected German king - a title which remains in the family for more than a century, bringing with it that of Holy Roman emperor | |
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| 1254 |
| | | The death of the last Hohenstaufen ruler, Conrad IV, leaves a vacancy on the German throne which is not filled for nineteen years | |
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| 1273 |
| | | The period without a German king, known as the Great Interregnum, ends with the election of a Habsburg prince, Rudolf I | |
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| 1346 |
| | | Charles IV, king of Bohemia, German king and Holy Roman emperor, makes Prague a glittering centre of learning and architecture | |
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| 1356 |
| | | Charles IV establishes a permanent group of seven electors - four hereditary German rulers and the archbishops of Mainz, Cologne and Trier | |
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| 1742 |
| | | An Austrian army captures the Bavarian capital city, Munich | |
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| 1866 |
| | | Prussia invades its neighbouring German states and launches the Seven Weeks' War | |
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| 1866 |
| | | The terms of the treaty of Prague, ending the Seven Weeks War, make plain the transfer of German leadership from Austria to Prussia | |
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| 1867 |
| | | A revival of the Prussian Zollverein, or customs union, includes all the German states except Austria | |
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